FTL (Full Truckload) dedicates an entire truck to a single shipment. You pay for the whole truck regardless of how much of its capacity you actually use, which makes sense once your cargo volume gets large enough that sharing space would not save meaningful money anyway.
LTL (Less-than-Truckload) shares one truck's capacity across multiple shippers' cargo, and you pay only for the space and weight your shipment occupies. This usually costs less for smaller loads, but transit time can be slightly less predictable, since the truck may make multiple stops to load and unload different shippers' cargo along the route.
A rough way to estimate which fits: if your shipment would fill more than roughly half a standard trailer, FTL is usually worth pricing out even if LTL looks cheaper per unit on paper — the simplicity and directness of a dedicated truck often offsets the difference once you account for handling and transit time.
Road freight also covers the final leg of most door-to-door shipments, and proven experience with overweight and oversized equipment — including the 30-tonne delivery to India mentioned elsewhere on this site — means the FTL/LTL decision is sometimes really a question about specialized equipment rather than standard trucking at all. Worth mentioning if your cargo is unusually heavy or large before requesting a quote.